Climate change is a cross-cutting issue affecting the global society. More than ever, the climate is getting warmer, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent, and the rate of species extinction is on the rise. These changes affect food security, access to water, and the solidity of communities globally.
In the presence of such multifaceted problems, data journalism serves as an important intervention. Equipped with the tools of data analysis, journalists can look for patterns to help explain these environmental problems to enable different communities and policymakers to come up with improved solutions in the fight against climate change.
Below we’ll discuss how data journalism is being used to report on climate change, the tools and techniques involved, and the challenges journalists face in this field
How Data Journalism is Being Used to Report on Climate Change
Climate change has been one of the critical topics covered by data journalism. Reporters use data journalism to make climate change tangible and relatable for the layman by providing analyses, visualizations, and narratives of the problems. Here are some key ways data journalism is being used to report on climate change:
Data Visualization
Data journalists employ graphs, charts, maps, and other visual aids to help the reader perceive climate data. These graphical illustrations can depict changes, associations, and structures in climate information which assists in explaining advanced information to the crowd.
Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing
Satellite imagery and remote sensing data of the earth’s surface are utilized by journalists to provide information and reports on deforestation, sea level rise, and natural disasters. These images are preferred because they give real-life instances of climatic change and its consequences.
Combining Multiple Data Sources
Data journalism is used to refer to processes that involve the collection and analysis of large sets of data to provide data journalists with a new perspective on a certain issue. The data is obtained from multiple sources such as the government, research organizations, and other monitoring organizations. Combining different approaches makes it easier to understand the climate situation and its consequences in its entirety.
Investigative Reporting
By utilizing data, journalists can spot narratives that are not easily visible when going through reportage. For example, exposing the relationship between fossil fuel industries’ contributions and climate change.
The Tools and Techniques Involved in Reporting Climate Change
Data journalism uses some of the most complex equipment and methodologies to report on the topic of climate change. These techniques assist in collecting, processing, representing, and sharing information on the environment and natural resources in a credible way and a format that is easy to understand for the general public. The tools and techniques used include:
Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing
Satellites give way to better pictures and broad information about several sectors of the earth’s climate, including sea surface temperature, coverage of the Arctic sea ice, rates of deforestation, and growth of urban centers. Remote sensing technologies, on the other hand, allow one to observe changes in the environment when they are scattered through time and space.
Climate Models
Climate models are complex computerized systems that can forecast climate using present data and possible contingencies of greenhouse gas emissions. These models assist in understanding the possible effects of climate change on regional and global levels.
Data Visualization
Programs such as GIS, which is an interactive map, charts, and infographics, are applied to capture climatic data and represent it to the target audience. This assists journalists in passing messages on the trends, patterns, and impacts of climate change more effectively.
Crowdsourcing and Citizen Science
Journalists contact community members, amateur scientists, and ordinary citizens to gather information concerning climate, pollution, temperature, and other things affecting the environment. This endorses crowdsourcing as instrumental in expanding the reach of climate change at the local level and promoting a culture of engagement.
Interviews and Expert Analysis
Reporters interview climate change experts, activists, and other relevant personalities to gather specialists’ opinions on climate change subjects. These interviews add value to achieving a better understanding of issues related to climate change.
The Challenges Journalists Face in This Field
Climate change is one of the significant areas of interest for many journalists. However, journalists face many challenges in successfully collecting and disseminating accurate, reachable, and impactful data related to climate change. Here are some of the primary challenges that journalists face in this field:
Complexity of Data
Climate information is frequently specialized and detailed. As such, the journalists covering this area have to be conversant with concepts in climatology and data evaluation processes in this field. Even worse, evaluations of climate change take into account numerous parameters that can be considered complex for most people to interpret. Prior training in handling big data sets is therefore necessary for data journalists.
Also read: The Art of Data Visualization: Transforming Complex Data into Compelling Visual Narratives
Access to Reliable Data
The availability of quality data remains an unresolved issue, especially in developing countries. Most of these countries usually have weak monitoring systems that make it hard to frequently obtain fresh data. Often, the data comes from different sources making it hard to determine its accuracy and quality.
Misinformation and Disinformation
Some climate change activists and skeptics may challenge journalists’ work and provide information that may be fake or inaccurate. In such cases, data journalists have a hard time changing the hearts and minds of the public, particularly in the context of polarized media systems.
Balancing Objectivity and Advocacy
A major challenge of writing about climate change is that while a reporter has to stay impartial, it is still necessary to write passionately about the issue. Journalists must discuss the issue of climate change and its severity without resulting in hype or alarmism.
Resource Constraints
Today, virtually all newsrooms are under fiscal pressure and thus, have limited funds to support intensive climate change stories. With such financial constraints, recruiting journalists and educating them with sufficient scientific backgrounds and data analysis skills can be challenging.
Conclusion
Data journalism stands as a vital pillar in the global effort to address climate change by informing public discourse, holding stakeholders accountable, and advocating for evidence-based policies.
Despite the challenges faced, journalists equipped with data-driven insights play a crucial role in highlighting the urgency of climate action, fostering awareness, and enforcing informed decision-making at local, national, and international levels.
